I guess I’ll state the obvious: when bank fishing your two biggest limiting factors are mobility and logistics since you don’t have a boat to get you and your gear where you want to go. This forces you to have to make some decisions about what you carry as well as some planning ahead of time.
I’ll start with scouting the place out either with my own two eyes or google earth.
This allows me to determine some things like ease of access and how far away the vehicle parking area is. That way I can decide what to carry and how much. If I can park my car a short walk away then I can bring more gear and just cache it there.
Some places, public ponds and the like have relatively flat banks and well manicured grass right up to the waters edge. Others may require negotiating step or rough terrain and through thick vegetation. Again this will affect how much I carry and even what clothing I wear. Last but not least I can possibly pick some spots that look promising.
In most circumstances I carry two rods, at least initially, one MH/F casting and one M/F spinning. Between those two setups I can fish just about anything.
I have a small tackle pack (kinda like a cross between a fanny pack and back pack) that I bring along with me. Inside I carry some terminal tackle, extra lures, various soft plastics, some spare line and basic hand tools (fishing pliers, line cutters). Generally I try to pack as light as possible since I often have to hike a bit to get to some spots. During the warmer months I bring water.
As for what lures to take along, the answer is for me that it depends. This spring I had been going out with a spinner bait tied on my casting rod and some type of weightless soft plastic (zoom fluke, senko or trick worm) on the spinning rod.
On a small pond I pick a starting point, this maybe based on whats easiest for me to access or some other factor like a wind blown bank, currents, or shade for example. From there I’ll work my way around the bank for a far as I’m able. I’ll make casts out ahead of me parallel (or as close to parallel as I can manage) to the bank. If I see an interesting spot I may spend a little extra time there making multiple casts.
One thing to keep in mind is stealth. I try not to walk right up on the bank if I can help it so I don’t spook the fish.
On the bigger bodies of water it’s a bit tougher. I’m mostly likely not going to be able to fish everything, either because I physically can’t get there, or I don’t have the time (Although I have broken lakes down over multiple days). This is where the scouting really comes in handy that way I can make sure I’m not wasting time. That being said it still can be hit or miss. Just because a place looks good on the map or passes the eye test doesn’t guarantee that it holds fish.