There's going to be variations by region, and even from lake to lake within a region.
Squarebill/flatside -anytime of year when the bass are up on the flats feeding. Also great for bouncing off stumps and lay downs anytime the water is above 55 degrees.
Crankbait- anytime of year bass are suspended on ledges
Lipless- believe it or not, skipping docks, anytime of year
Spinnerbait- muddy water. I used to fish a spinnerbait a bunch- now on the lake I fish most EVERYONE is throwing a spinnerbait or buzzbait. You need to be different than the crowd.
Blade- Winter
Chatterbait- not really my thing. Didn't exist when I fished before- I'll try some someday.
Buzzbait- Overfished around here. No offense intended but I consider them to be a lazy mans top water lure. I get better results top water with a Devils horse or a Spook. Unlike a buzzbait you can't simply cast these lures out and reel them in.
Swimjig- not really my thing. I use some type of crankbait (flatside, square bill or regular crank) in swimbait situations. There's very little grass in the lakes I fish in. I suspect a swim jig would excel in grass. (?)
Around here I see a BUNCH of people fishing spinnerbaits, buzzbaits, and crankbaits. They just thrown them out and steadily reel them in. The people I talk to at the landing rarely catch much of anything. There's also quite a few fishing texas rigs with HUGE weights.