To make it simple, they're carbon fiber. Very similar to graphite(they start out as the same thing), just slightly different in the manufacturing process. It's potentially lighter, more sensitive, and more expensive to produce usually, unless they start out with lower grade materials.
Actually, I'm saying they're carbon fiber based on a video on the rod's page, on Okuma's website, that says they're made out of carbon fiber, but they also say that it's carbon fiber wrapped, so it could be largely constructed of graphite and carbon fiber reinforced which makes the result slightly different.
Rods that are marketed as being carbon fiber(most graphite rods have some amount of carbon fiber in them, so it's kind of a misnomer), are typically meant to be the best of both worlds. They're supposed to be light and sensitive like a typical graphite rod, but also flexible like a fiberglass rod. The rod you're using probably has a relatively slow action so it will be great for the typical treble hook hard baits like the intended topwater/jerkbaits, as well as crankbaits.
Now, despite the fact that technically speaking graphite and carbon fiber are different, all "graphite" rods are composites, meaning they aren't 100% graphite construction. Like I said above, graphite rods use carbon fiber, so the use of the term in their video and the use of the word "carbon" instead of "graphite" could just be the marketing team doing their job. Feel out the action for yourself, but it doesn't really even matter what the composition itself is because rod manufacturers don't release that information. The only thing we can do as consumers is test and compare various rods.
Edit: I'm not sure exactly what lures you're using, but I don't like leaders and usually just use straight braid. If you need the stretch, you could always just go full mono or have a leader that's a couple feet long so that it's past your guides when getting ready to cast.
As for what lb test, I like 30lb braid, but some people like to go to 40 or even 50 for general use. Mono, I'd go with 12-15lb Big Game whether we're talking about a leader or main line.