I've never eaten a bass before. I felt really bad I thought it might be able to survive so I held it in the water to see if it can still swim and it swam off decently.
I've also read that bass blood coagulates in water, so hopefully it doesn't lose too much blood once back in the water.
I realize that I took probably a 1/6 of the total surface area of its gills, but I figure the bass will still be able to breathe but as you said maybe it won't be able to chase down baitfish anymore.