I fish a lake where water clarity seems to be a big factor. I always measure the water clarity as soon as there is enough light to do so. If the water is less than a foot deep, I never catch or mark the fish deeper than 15 feet deep. They may be suspended in trees, that are in 40 feet of water, but the bass themselves always seem to be in 15 or less. They may be on the surface and 15 feet deep at the same time, but they wont be deeper than 15 feet. Much of the year there is no thermocline on this lake so it is not a factor.
When the water has two foot of visibility or more I catch and mark bass in all depths. I can catch them right on the bank, and in deep water suspended or on the bottom. If there is a thermocline, they are always above the thermocline.
When the water is 6 inches to a foot, the bass are usually along the shoreline, but can be suspended in the trees over deep water.
When the water visibility is less than 6 inches, the bass are always in very shallow water and are never suspended over deep water.
I realize this is just my experience in one lake. I am sure others have had different experiences, but from what I have seen, the chart is a good general guide line. It does not predict what depth the bass will be in, it only is a general guide to the limit of depth they will go. If the water is relatively clear, that doesn't mean they will be deep, it only infers, it is possible they will be deep, but does not rule out the possibility of them being shallow. If the water is pure mud, they probably wont be more than a few feet deep.
If the water has more than 3 feet of visibility a person can probably catch bass at almost any depth in the lake on the same day, but if the water visibility is 8 inches, I would suspect the bass would not be on the bottom in 15 feet of water.
My best luck for multiple big bass in the lakes I fish have been when the water clarity is 2-6 feet. The bass are not as spooky as they are in clearer water, can be found in schools of like size, and are susceptible to a large variety of techniques.
I have caught DD. bass in 6 inches of clarity, but they always seem to be lone bass, and may be one of the only bites of the day.
1-2 foot of clarity is good for me on one lake, simply because that is what it is most of the time. With the clarity being constant, I concentrate on other factors more to determine depth of the bass.
People that fish water with fairly constant clarity probably wont think it makes much of a difference. Some of the places I fish, I feel it is probably the biggest factor. That being said, those places have an almost constant water temperature, so therefore in my experience water temperature is not much of a factor. Where many places temp. is a bigger concern than clarity when determining the depth of the bass.
The bass will always be near their prey. If the prey like a certain water clarity you can rest assured the bass will be near by. They may be a little deeper, or more shallow than the prey, but they will be at a depth they can easily ambush their next meal.
One other thing to consider is the length of time of a certain visibility. If the water has had one foot of visibility for weeks, the bass may have a deeper max limit, than if the water recently went from 4 foot of vis. to one foot of visibility.