By now you've read the responses and should be getting the general idea, slow fishing, suspending jerkbaits and jigs are the primary baits, and Catts point of stable weather is spot on. Either stable weather of crappy conditions, or favorable conditions (for us anyways) may do it, the key is "consistent" ,..I've had success in wet cold windy days, and sunny, warmer, and calm days, as long as its been the same for several days. BUT, what does one look for while out on the boat to locate bass, and not the other species present. Good question huh?
Many fish will hold at a certain depth and close together in that range,.. Meaning as your cruising along watching your finder, you will probably find a myriad of different looking screens,. Some will be fish up kinda close to the surface around 6 to 9 feet deep, probably trout,.. some may be hugging the bottom a foot or so from the bottom, these "could" be bass actively feeding, but I've found usually not, I say "could" because it looks like a summer pattern and bass will use the same areas and antics as in summer,... and I say "usually not" as I have found its usually perch. or some other like fish, walleye maybe, or sauger, pike, pickeral.,... Bass seem to utilize a funnier than one would think water column. Typically they will spread out using from 12 to even 20 feet of waters while suspending inactive. Meaning,... say your cruising around and the finder is marking nothing, your over 55 feet of water, suddenly your marking fish that range anywhere from 25 to almost 45 feet, and the bottom either drops, or starts rising up. These are "usually" bass, as sunfish and crappie "may" employ the same water columns. With fish closest to the depth change being slightly more active. Even better is when you locate bait around these suspending fish.
Now keep in mind this is a scenerio of a large water body that I have found up here, but "can" be found on a small pond as well, just not as predominant.
Is this a definate scenario? Heck no, but it is what I've found up here in a area that suffers from winters grasp every year, whether we get ice or not.
I have fished these fish with both the suspending jerkbaits and jig,.but I will also use a spoon as well. A crippled herring smothered in herring scent, a d.b. smelt covered in smelt scent, and a hopkins with a shad scent, etc., etc., etc.,...Jigged as a jigging spoon
Typically when I find these spread out fish on the finder they are bass, usually smallies, but with largemouth mixed in,... even a few bigger crappies may be present.
Now on shallow ponds? the deepest water is where I fish, and thats really all you have to choose from. deepest water close to shore is even better if you can find such. and the prevailing baitfish mimicing floating rapala my top choice, with maybe the small hair jig and pork trailer stitched being my second choice.
Now,.many of you northern anglers have winterized the boat, and see the canoe or kayak, or bass raider a viable option as a gas motor is not required. You have one of the three in the back yard just sitting there waiting for you to use,..Your thinking "hmmm, I can still fish off the raider",.or canoe/kayak. "my fishing isnt done till the ice sets in"
Winter fishing may be close to summer fishing in warmer climates, up here it "kinda" does, but requires extreme safety concerns. Hypothermia sets in quick in colder waters, kayaks, canoes, can be a dangerous venture. Thats not saying your safe on a bass rig, but just a bit safer. I keep a clean deck in winter, as fishing bundled up is a bit different than wearing shorts and a tee shirt. The cumbersome clothing to battle the elements this time of year can cause balance and mobility issues. Make sure you test out your winter clothing options and even raingear over said clothing, before you decide to leave home. If your clothing options have created movement issues? scrap them as a option all together! find clothing that allows freedom of movement without any hiccups. One issue on a boats deck while encountering waves from wind, can end up ugly, the heavy clothing once wet becomes a anchor, and will hinder your efforts to climb back aboard. And that cold water will actually deter proper thought in a moment when you really need it. You may think, "well,..I'll just do this, or that" now, while warm in your home reading this, but once out there, overboard, thought process is robbed quickly.
Please, I beg of you, if you plan on fishing cold water? be very careful. Have a plan in place in case of man overboard, a ladder to get back aboard, wear a lifevest when fishing alone, etc. etc. ,, etc.,...It's easy to "plan",... but when you are in that cold water, breathing becomes difficult, strength is robbed, thought is clouded, and whats a easy climb aboard during the summer, now is a climb hindered, and much more difficult. Cold water is a dangerous element, it has, and does kill. So make sure that you have your ducks in a row, OR,...fish with another while winter fishing if you can. It can save your life.
Winter fishing can and often does provide a shot at a giant, or the lakes biggest bass. But mother nature doesnt just "hand" her to you. You need to respect that cold water, be diligent, but cautious, very, very cautious. It takes a slightly different preparation process to battle these colder than usual bass fishing outings,.. DO SO! Consider the variables, needs and demands
A old friend once taught me the ever so important,... 7 p's,...and it needs mentioning here.
Proper Planning and Preparation, Prevents, "Pee" Poor Performance
The last 3? while fishing cold water? not a good combination.