I use the Navionics Web App for the lakes in my area that don't have paper maps available. I love this thing.
http://webapp.navionics.com/#boating@6&key=wtw}GbipwT
Luckily with bass they aren't able to read and archive interactions. Just because they've never seen a perch or a shad before doesn't mean that using that color won't get good reaction bites or at least force fish to reveal themselves out of interest and follow your bait. In addition there are certain super baits that work anywhere depending on water clarity that you can use without having a pattern locked down based on lake ecology.
For clear water you can generally get by throwing green pumpkin, oxblood, watermelon, and other brown and green variations with decent success. In the northwest I'm often relying solely on finesse presentations such as drop shotting, ned rigs, shakey heads, and weightless baits like senkos rigged wacky or weedless.
With dirty/stained water people often will go with black, blue, dark red, chartreuse, and other neon colors because of the way they stand out in the water to fish. At this point though you may want to add additional factors to help the fish find the bait such as rattles, blades, or using specific baits that thrash and displace water to cause extra vibration in the water column.