There is no one specific spot that will hold bass in every pond. Depending on the type of pond, man made or natural, there will be different depth features on your pond. Forget about ledges till you have a boat, and look for simpler signs of places fish will most likely be. Weed beds with gaps between them, points or curves in the shoreline, and areas that remain shady are all spots to start at. Hopefully someone else can lend some knowledge to the rocks thing, my FL ponds are all mud/muck/slime/quicksand bottom.
Invest in some weedless frogs and a ton of hooks and start casting into spot you'd never think to cast to. That's where I've had the most success(and the most fun).