I used to really love reading threads about seasonal movements, lunar charts, water/air temps, maps, structure routes etc. but as the seasons rolled on I found all the info was useless when I was stuck 4 hours into a fishing trip, without a single bite, scratching my head asking "what in the world should I do now?"
I'll break it down into 2 kinds of fishing: with sonar and without. This is trying to condense a lot of what I learned the last 5 years so excuse me if I lose my mind here and there (i don't think it was all there to begin with).
Fishing without sonar:
The goal is simple: become an expert at finding bass, that are relating to visible cover, in less than 10 ft of water. The hardest thing about this process is NOT fishing. It feels like moving mountains to stop casting. It's critical to stop blindly forward all day wasting time and hundreds/thousands of casts. Put down the rods, put on ur polarized sunglasses and troll 50-100 yards forward. Pick out 5-10 high percentage spots and turn back to only fish them. This one tactic alone will change ur game. Repeat every 100 yards.
I'm not a deer hunter but if I was I would kill it. I love to hike and I always spook deer while exploring woods. Instead of sitting for hours in a tree stand (like some of my buddies) I would hike for a few days beforehand and trample through every valley, ridge, pine/cedar patch, brush thickets trying to spook them. I'd run them out of every nook and cranny of the forest. Then I'd go back a week later and set up a tree stand where I know they are going to come out at dusk. You're basically doing the same with bass. Feel free to put the boat right on top of their heads b/c these aren't deer. Take confidence knowing that even if alarmed a bass will be relaxed and catchable within 20 mins. Troll all around the shoreline getting up close and personal with underwater stumps, brush piles, weedlines, docks, lily pads, laydowns to purposefully spook bass and find out what/how they are relating to. This sounds easy and like common sense but trust me it's hard enough to put down the rods let alone mastering how to identify and cast high percentage areas. You could spend an entire season just mastering laydowns. When a tree is lying horizontally on the bottom it still goes from trunk to tip top. Troll all around it and find out which direction it's laying. It's very important to make a mental note b/c when you come back you want to cast at the trunk and retrieve toward the top. You'll be able to effectively bounce a lure through the entire tree without getting hung up b/c you are reeling with the V's of branches. As opposed to constantly getting snagged if you retrieve crosswise or from tip top toward truck. Also think of a tree laydown like an iceberg: the branches showing above the surface only represent 10% of its mass; the other 90% is below the water. Most guys see the branch tips above the water and immediately troll close enough to cast them. After awhile you learn to first cast the 90% underwater. And after more time you learn there are even bass holding 25-50 ft on the perimeter of the tree. These are some of the most untouched bass b/c 99% of guys troll right on top of them to cast the tree top underwater or branches above the surface. On your home lake you should know the orientation of every laydown and which direction to cast. Sidenote: learn how to effectively use marker buoys. After you inspect a laydown back off with the trolling motor dropping a marker buoy where ur 100 ft from the top from the tree. park the boat on the buoy and your initial cast will be on the outer perimeter of the tree. work the front and both sides. Everyone in the area can see orange buoys which can attract too much attention so wrap them 90% with black electrical tape. They are harder to see for the untrained eyes you want to keep off ur trail.
These are just a few tips for laydowns but you can see how you can go into incredible depth learning how to master fishing visible cover. Put down the rods, get on the trolling motor, use polarized sunglasses and learn how to identify/inspect visible cover, spooking as many bass as possible, and effectively casting it. It's like being a blind man learning how to see for the first time.
I gotta get some work done but I'll post some sonar tips later.