BAH! I was looking for a post I'd made some time ago explaining the reason we choose the rods we do, and why we prefer one over the other. It's not always an easy thing to delineate but, there really are reasons there.
Starting out, power- The power of the rod is what determines what that rod is capable of lifting, if you will. That plays out more in the presentation aspect than any other, for starters. Look at the baits that you're going to be throwing the most, and use the cover that you're going to be in to make an informed decision. A lite power rod, in most instances is not suitable for bass fishing to any degree. It just isn't. There are guys that will argue how much fun it is to go out and play with fish on an ultralite rod- just don't. It's bad for the fish and completely unnecessary. Generally Medium-lite power is where you're going to start with bass fishing, and that's usually very specific instances. Dropshot, small cranks and topwaters- almost always in relativly open water. Not a cover rod. Medium rods are a little more versatile, whether for cranking, for fishing plastics and jigs, or about any circumstance that you're going to be presenting the lighter end of the general bass fishing spectrum. A MH rod is a general purpose all around stick. It's a rod that will handle about 99% of what you're going to do in medium cover to even heavy cover. Are you seeing where this goes? As you go up in power, lure weight and cover goes up. yes, there are instances that it is variable, but the truth usually remains the same in terms of what you're going to be doing with rods.
Actions of a rod- based entirely on the blank of the rod; more specifically, the taper of the blank. It has nothing to do with the "tip" of the rod, the butt, or any other part alone. It is the entire blank of the rod. Moderate rods are generally crankbait rods, or treble hook baits, lets say. Jig rods, are usually much, much faster and bend less into the blank. Think of the action of the rod as being the "Speed" of the rod: the faster the rod moves from a bent position to being completely motionless the faster it is. The longer it takes to remain motionless, the slower. Slower rods are more adept for treble hook baits. Single hooks require a rod that is both more powerful and faster in order to generate penetration of the hook.
What rods do you want for startes? A 7' MH fast is a great all around rod to start with. A 7' MH moderate is a great starter crankbait rod. Either of those rods will fish a spinnerbait adequately.