Couple of comments. First - no one sees or hears everything. Can't happen - too much stimuli, either consciously or unconsciously, stuff gets filtered out. That's the way it is.. .. unless you're a swami or something like that.
Next, it is possible to be extremely relaxed and still know, for the most part what is happening with your bait. This applies both to reaction type baits and "feel" type baits.
The phrase "trance state" means different things to different folks in different contexts. I think we've all been there, one way or another, at some point in our fishing experiences. Rick Clunn, for instance, has referenced fishing in a
"trance state" I'm pretty sure that he knows what he means when he says that but I'm not sure I know what he means. I have opinions on what I think he means - kinda - that aren't all that well thought out . . . I try not to get so existential about fishing . . .
To address the original post, if you're having trouble remembering what you were doing right before the strike and what you did to get the strike, that's a challenge. Your options are try harder to remember or just go unconscious and be happy when you get bit.
When I go fishing I'll probably have 20 or so rods rigged up ready to go. Some thought and reasoning ( or a semi-reasonable facsimile ) went into rigging up each rig. Therefore, should I get bit on my jika rig, for instance, odds are very good that I was dragging it around the deep edge of a weed line.
Should I get bit on my bubba drop shot rig, odds are very good that I was throwing it at some perceived object in 10 feet of water or less. If it was cloudy, I'm probably trying to get it every so slightly up wind of whatever object it might be. If it was sunny, I was probably trying to get it to the very edge of the shade pocket created by whatever object I was throwing at. I'm probably consciously or subconsciously taking the wind into account in this process.
If I get bit on a spinner bait, I'm probably checking to see if fish are holding at a certain level in the water column OR seeing if they are holding behind/next to objects at a certain level of the water column.
Sometimes you will be casting as some seen or suspected object, miss it by a considerable distance and still get bit anyway. Fishing is funny that way.
The original advice still holds, if you're having issues remembering what you did to get bit - try harder. With practice & effort you will more than likely get better at it - or you won't. In that case, the best advice is don't try so hard, let it come to you . .. .
Hope this helps