The bottom line on all of this isn't solely about taxes or spending, but the shortfall between the two.
Taxes? It doesn't take too much digging to find numerous loopholes in the existing tax laws that allows certain companies/individuals to pay less than their contemporaries. There are companies that pay little to no taxes in this country because they shelter profits off shore. It's very simple. Company XYZ has its products manufactured by Subsidiary "A" in a foreign country which then sells the product to Subsidiary "B" in a country that doesn't tax corporations. Then the Subsidiary "B" resells the products to the retail branch of Company XYZ at an inflated price to be sold in this country for little if any profit. Little or no profit means little or no tax liabilities. The individuals who truly own and manage Company XYZ pay greatly reduced taxes on their earnings due to other loopholes. Taking a modest (in their view) salary to manage the company, while taking any excess out in the form of stock options and dividends which avoid social security and regular income taxes. Many of these folks, much like Warren Buffet pay a flat 15% capital gains tax on the majority of their income. Also, many small businesses in this country may never leave our shores but still avoid some taxes. Companies run as "S" Corporations distribute profits to their shareholders who then report those taxes on their respective individual returns. However, anything these owners receive in excess of what is loosely referred to as a fair wage, is also not subjected to social security taxes. That is a savings of almost 15% on much of that income.
Spending? Taking a look at what the government spends is something no one can really grasp. What is the difference between discretional on non-discretional spending? We don't even need to mention pork projects. I'm really tired of listening to politicians and others say that we only have a spending problem, especially when those same people probably have little understanding as to what we really spend.
So here's my take on it. We need to figure out just what this country NEEDS to spend. We need to figure out how much it is going to really cost to maintain a sane amount of social programs, a military that can protect us, to maintain and expand our infrastructure, to set aside enough to insure that we can survive a potential catastrophe, and with enough left over to pay off this horrendous debt load. Once we know what we really need to spend, then we can figure out how to pay for it. We need to close loopholes that allow multinational companies to operate here tax free, just as much as we need to revisit the idea that a single mother of two children earning $10k per/year qualifies for a $5k tax refund. We need to enforce fair trade through the use of tariffs on products dumped on our shores. A country that artificially lowers the value of its currency to gain an unfair trade advantage, should be treated the same as a country who sells their products here for less than they charge their own people. Finally, we need to figure out what activities should require a user fee based type of tax to fund the many government organizations that oversee those activities. Just like hunters/fishermen pay built in taxes on the products they use in turn for game/fish management, people who want to travel on smooth roads or cross safe bridges should be willing to pay fuel taxes to cover the cost to have that privilege. If an industry needs to be monitored by organizations such as the EPA or OSHA, then there should be a fair way to generate the revenues to cover those costs.
Almost sound like I'm proposing that we have a balanced budget.... And maybe I am. There will always be times when a country, company, or individual needs to borrow money for some unforeseen problem, or to fund an expansion, and there isn't anything wrong with that. But regardless of the entity, none should think they can last long spending more than they make on day to day expenses.
A year or so ago, I read an editorial where the author said that "Taxes are the cost of citizenship.", and I couldn't agree more. If we want to live in a country that offers the most to its people, then we should be willing to pay the most. If we don't mind living in a banana republic, then we should pay their taxes. I truly think that a country full of people who will pay almost any amount to have a cell phone that does everything, anywhere, should be willing to agree to do this.