I'll try just part of that question. "Superline" covers both braided and fused lines. These lines are extremely strong for their diameter, have little-to-no memory and little-to-no stretch. Braided lines are, to the best of my knowledge, multiple fibers that are, well, braided together, and fused lines are fused, that's all I know about the process.
Fireline is the best-known fused line, of which I am aware of very few, while there seem to be many more braids out there.