My favorite lake is similar to what you describe. As the year progresses, the weedgrowth gets to the top in spots, is thick enough to walk across in others, and in sparse enough to fish most baits in in others. There is a mix of milfoil, coontail, which both get pretty thick, and braodleaf cabbage.
There is also plenty of pads and reeds also. I attack each area separately.
As Catt said, if you have 1.5 feet of open water, just about anything will work. as Roger said a detailed description of the weeds would help as some types look thick but are actually matted over and sparse enough to flip into.
Usually the clearer the water, the thicker the weeds. My lake is gin clear and the weedgrowth gets pretty thick in spots. I would love if it only came to within a foot and a half of the surface. Spinnerbaits, chatterbaits, plastics like the rage Eeliminator speed worms, you can find what works best for you. many more baits to choose from. My favorite is the Rage Shad as it will work over the top and through the thick stuff.
Good luck!