Hi, Rick. You are on the right track. Here's my general breakdown —my way of organizing the search— for homing in on “excellent” spots, and hopefully, “incredible” spots —what I call “Carnage Zones”:
The starting point in terms of depth use by bass is generally water clarity, as you suspected. This is bc light penetration determines the depth limits of primary production —the foundation of the food chain. The clearer the water the deeper livelihoods can be made. But not every species can make livings just anywhere, even within that photic zone.
So… the next question is available forage. Each species has different requirements that may or may not jive with bass's requirements —at least all the time— although few predators are as adaptable/versatile as bass; They tend to make use of whatever forage is there. Here, water temps and habitat type at those depths determine who lives where.
Next is vulnerable prey, something many anglers don’t fully appreciate the importance of. Prey is not "food" until it's been found, captured, handled, and ingested. Structural characteristics (structure, cover, objects), and existing conditions and circumstances, determine the likely result of predator-prey interactions —and the likelihood that bass will revisit an area, and how often. Bass both intuitively recognize, and further learn, where and when prey are most likely to be vulnerable.
Finding Carnage Zones —the holy grail in fishing and, in fact, for each rung in the food chain— is a matter of location and timing —those same where's and when's the fish are looking for. This requires intimacy with the particular water body. As we narrow things down, in time and place, things get more chaotic —dicier. That’s fishing. In fact, that’s pretty much… everything. It appear to be the way of the known universe. Thank the powers that be for obsession —that is, drive and perseverance.
Flirting deeper into the chaos, narrowing things down to the nub, is the proverbial “spot-on-the-spot”. Structural characteristics, from a fish’s perspective, mean two main things:
-Large scale topographical structures of importance are the “food shelves” (depth of these functionally determined by water clarity).
-Smaller scale “objects” which fish —bass esp— relate to, or are meaningful to the fish. Physical “objects” that fish can make use of to hide in or make kills off of: logs, rocks, weed walls, the bottom, the surface, current seams, turbidity lines, even shadows...
“Structure” is the ballpark, the playing field. “Objects” are the bases (1st, 2nd, 3rd…), etc…, where things intersect —where the action is. I suppose we could see the ball as the chaotic “timing” element, if you care to follow my analogy.
Hope this helps put things into perspective. It’s a big job. And we’re just the monkeys to do it! No wonder some love baseball almost as much as we love fishing! Notice I said "almost".