Below are a few basic things you can do to find structure, cover, and forage from the bank, and hopefully you will find fish near these items.
Fan Cast a lure that can be dragged on bottom. By counting it down in different spots you can determine an approximate depth in each of those locations and you can slowly map out the bottom of the waterway and find drop-offs, humps, holes, points, etc. One of the better techniques for doing this is a carolina rig. This can take some time.
Keep your eyes peeled for rocks, timber, stumps, and vegetation that can hold fish. A good quality pair of polarized sunglasses can help immensely in finding these areas because you will be able to see down into the water.
Watch for baitfish activity like bluegills or other sunfish feeding. Bass should be close by.
Watch for birds like herons and pay attention to the areas they choose to feed which is another indication of baitfish.
Humminbird makes a wireless fishfinder that you can attach to your line. This will help you to find fish holding structure as well.