Books have been written on your questions so we'll have to try and simplify things.
First of all, do you have a boat ?
If you do I would personally start with smaller water bodies. It makes finding the fish easier for someone new to an area. I would probably not fish Apopka. It was a dead lake for many years due to agricultural run off, and only recently has begun to improve. But there are thousands of better lakes than that at this time.
Toho is legendary , but a big lake . I assume you'll be living near there so if you do fish it, it'll take time to learn it.
I know many of the N and central lakes but anything south of Ocala is out of my area of expertise.
Some of the baits I would use for starters : Some kind of ribbontail worm, like culprits, 4-5 inch senkos, Zoom super flukes, all t-rigged,and some kind of spinnerbait. Swimming and floating frogs are good too esp. Late spring to early fall. And don't hesitate to use native live Shiners. Best bass bait there is.
Let the water color dictate the colors you choose.
Where to fish is hard to say because there's so much variety . With the weather heating up , I would focus on boat docks, esp. After 11 a.m. I like fishing grass lines early. If you can ease along parallel to the grass and throw a spinnerbait, esp. On a cloudy day with some wind, you should get bit, and fish the spinnerbait by weed edges.
I love cypress trees as well, they usually hold some fish.Mouths of feeder creeks can be good too.Offshore fishing can be great, but that only comes with much time and learning the contour of the lake. Lay down trees are great too. I fish them slow and use a skipping technique, like I do with boat docks, to get the bait where they are in a subtle presentation. Senkos work great for this.You can also do some flipping or pitching into pockets of pads or grass.
I honestly catch many of my fish just diligently blundering around the lake, not over thinking it.
Like I said, It's just too big of a subject to really address well on here.
If you come north of Ocala I can be more specific.keep us posted.
Mike