I'm not a big bass specialist, but think I can offer something relevant. I think Matt’s claim that big baits attract big bass at a higher rate than smaller baits is valid. Not that there aren’t other ways and places and times to catch big bass at satisfying rates, of course; largemouth are highly adaptable creatures and much of fishing is very local. But I think the big bass big bait concept is simply a part of the largemouth’s nature.
A while back now, I took a shot at the big bait game, dedicating part of a summer to throwing big baits in some of the small waters I frequented. This was in the early 80s and swimbaits were spanking new and essentially unavailable to me in NY. So I threw muskie plugs (Swim Whizz), muskie-sized spinnerbaits (One SB I had threw such a wake it caused wavelets to lap the shore of some of those ponds lol), and 13" worms. And I broke two pond records and my PB in the process.
I found that it decreased catches of smalls, but took fish of 3lbs up (18") just fine. A friend did the same thing and his overall catch rate dropped below what satisfied him, but he broke his PB twice doing it.
Interesting thing was, these were small waters –captive audiences more or less– meaning it wasn't primarily a location or timing deal; it was just up-sizing my lures.
I came to the conclusion that bigger baits attract and trigger larger bass at a higher rate than average sized baits did. And it supported my original suspicion –the reason I tried it in the first place– that many outsized largemouths are big, in large part, because they had simply broken into the next trophic level (a critter’s position in the food chain). In short, those fish target bigger prey.
A stop, or gap, in the chain is called a trophic barrier or trophic threshold and it’s the point where fish quit growing, having to spend too much energy to catch too little food. There may be bigger food around, but the bass aren’t big enough to swallow it. Food chains are rarely complete enough in most waters (unable to offer enough food of the right size or energy content per effort) for bass to grow big. This is even more likely to be so in the north, compared to the south where productivity is so much higher and where prey fishes may produce more than one brood per year.
I became hip to this from chasing big stream brown trout (and through my fisheries background) and finding that most streams, even small ones, have a few browns in them that dwarf the run-of-the-mill insect eaters. The dry-fly guys aren’t going to even know these fish exist. The nymph fishers will stumble on one every now and then. But the guys who fish hardware and certain big flies, in the right locations and times (water temperature and food availability are key), find them. Some target them, but very few do for the same reasons most bass fisherman don’t target out-sized bass.
How does an individual brown, or largemouth, grow beyond its brethren? It jumps the gaps in the food chain by obtaining more food than the others, growing larger and thereby allowing them to capture and swallow still larger prey that are normally safe from the hordes of smaller bass. Doug Hannon has stated that bass get big by being extra aggressive individuals. (I suspect this is at work in brown trout too.) Those largemouths you occasionally find choking to death on prey that was a bit too big? They may just bear witness to the on-going selection battle between largemouth and their prey.
Here are a few examples of largemouths (and one spot) that tried to break the bank:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmnAIx7FueQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPmq4oulSiM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VXVOGtZqGh4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rtgNprDqijs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EehujHwR70w
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sKBmONt_dds
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j8lvtRM8SgQ